Serializing Java objects for REST API Requests in Open Event Organizer App

Open Event Organizer App is a client side application which uses REST API for network requests. The server supports sending and receiving of data only in JSONAPI spec, so, we needed to serialize java models into JSON objects and deserialize JSON data into java models following JSONAPI spec. To achieve this we followed the following steps.

Specifications

We will be using jasminb/jsonapi-converter which handles request/response parsing of models following JSONAPI Spec and Retrofit plugin of jackson converter to serializing JSON to Java Models and vice versa.

Let’s create a java model. We are using some annotations provided by Lombok library to avoid writing boilerplate code. @JsonNaming annotation is used to apply KebabCaseStrategy while serializing fields

@Data
@Type(“order”)
@AllArgsConstructor
@JsonNaming(PropertyNamingStrategy.KebabCaseStrategy.class)
@Table(database = OrgaDatabase.class, allFields = true)
public class Order {

@PrimaryKey
@Id(LongIdHandler.class)
public Long id;

public float amount;
public String completedAt;
public String identifier;
public String paidVia;
public String paymentMode;
public String status;

@Relationship(“event”)
@ForeignKey(stubbedRelationship = true, onDelete = ForeignKeyAction.CASCADE)
public Event event;

public Order() { }
}

In the NetworkModule class, there is a method providesMappedClasses() containing a list of classes that needs to be serialized/deserialized. We need to add the above model in the list. Then, this list is provided to Singleton instance of JSONAPIConvertorFactory through Dagger. JSONAPIConvertorFactory uses the Retrofit ObjectMapper and maps the classes that are handled by this instance.

@Provides
Class[] providesMappedClasses() {
return new Class[]{Event.class, Attendee.class, Ticket.class, Order.class};
}

Further, various serialization properties can be used while building Singleton ObjectMapper instance. Adding any properties here ensures that these are applied to all the mapped classes by JSONAPIConvertorFactory. For eg, we are using the serialization property to throw an exception and fail whenever empty beans are encountered.

@Provides
@Singleton
ObjectMapper providesObjectMapper() {
return new ObjectMapper()
.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES)
.disable(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS)
// Handle constant breaking changes in API by not including null fields
// TODO: Remove when API stabilizes and/or need to include null values is there
.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_ABSENT);
}

Resources

  1. Github Repository for jsonapi-converter https://github.com/jasminb/jsonapi-converter
  2. Github repository for Jackson Retrofit Plugin https://github.com/square/retrofit/tree/master/retrofit-converters/jackson
  3. Official Website for Project Lombok https://projectlombok.org/

Github Repository for Open-Event-Orga-App https://github.com/fossasia/open-event-orga-app

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Creating Orders in Open Event Android

An Order is generated whenever a user buys a ticket in Open Event Android. It contains all the details regarding the tickets and their quantity, also information regarding payment method and relation to list of attendees, through this blog post we will see how Orders are generated in Open Event Android. Implementing Order system can be divided into following parts

  • Writing model class to serialize/deserialize API responses
  • Creating TypeConverter for Object used in Model class
  • Creating the API interface method
  • Wiring everything together

Model Class

Model class server two purpose –

  • Entity class for storing orders in room
  • Serialize / Deserialize API response

The architecture of the Order Model Class depends upon the response returned by the API, different fields inside the Entity Class defines what different attributes an Order consists of and their data types. Since every Order has a relationship with Event and Attendee we also have to define foreign key relations with them. Given below is the implementation of the Order Class in Open Event Android.

@Type(“order”)
@JsonNaming(PropertyNamingStrategy.KebabCaseStrategy::class)
@Entity(foreignKeys = [(ForeignKey(entity = Event::class, parentColumns = [“id”], childColumns = [“event”], onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE)), (ForeignKey(entity = Attendee::class, parentColumns = [“id”], childColumns = [“attendees”], onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE))])
data class Order(
       @Id(IntegerIdHandler::class)
       @PrimaryKey
       @NonNull
       val id: Long,
       val paymentMode: String? = null,
       val country: String? = null,
       val status: String? = null,
       val amount: Float? = null,
       val orderNotes: String? = null,
       @ColumnInfo(index = true)
       @Relationship(“event”)
       var event: EventId? = null,
       @Relationship(“attendees”)
       var attendees: List<AttendeeId>? = null
)

 

We are using Jackson for serializing/deserializing JSON response, @Type(“order”) annotation tells jackson that the following object is for key order in json response. Since we are using this as our room entity class we will also have to add a @Entity annotation to this class. Order contains attendee and event id fields which are foreign keys to other entity classes, this also has to be explicitly mentioned while writing the @Entitty annotation as shown in the snippet above . All relationship must be annotated with @Relationship annotation. All the variables serves as attributes in the order table and key name for json conversions.

The fields of this class are the attributes for the Order Table. Payment mode, country, status are all made up of primitive data type and hence require no type convertors whereas we will have to specify type converter for objects like eventId and List<Attendees>

Type Converter

Type Converter allows us to store any custom object type inside room database. Essentially we break down the Object into smaller primitive data types that Object is composed of and which can be stored by room database.

To create a TypeConverter we have to add a @TypeConverter annotation to it, this tells room that this is a special function. For every custom Object, you have to create two different TypeConverter functions. One takes the Object and converts it into primitive data type and the other takes the primitive data type and constructs your custom Object from it. For the Order data class we discussed in the above section we will need two type converters, for EventId and List<Attendee> objects. We will take the example of List<Attendee>

class ListAttendeeIdConverter {
   @TypeConverter
   fun fromListAttendeeId(attendeeIdList: List<AttendeeId>): String {
       val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
       return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(attendeeIdList)
   }
   @TypeConverter
   fun toListAttendeeId(attendeeList: String): List<AttendeeId> {
       val objectMapper = ObjectMapper()
       val mapType = object : TypeReference<List<AttendeeId>>() {}
       return objectMapper.readValue(attendeeList, mapType)
   }

A type converter shows how we can store an object in the form of primitive data type by performing some operation on it. Here we can see that List<AttendeeId> Object is converted into String (primitive data type) using jackson object mapper and similarly we will have to restore or recreate the List<AttendeeId> Object from the string converted output of the same. The first function fromListAttendeeId deals with converting Object into string type and toListAttendeeId deals with converting string output to List<AttendeeId> type Object.

Not that we have created a TypeConverter for our custom Object type we have to add it to the Open Event Database. This can be done by simply adding it to @TypeConverters list separated by commas as shown below.

@TypeConverters(EventIdConverter::class, EventTopicIdConverter::class, TicketIdConverter::class, AttendeeIdConverter::class, ListAttendeeIdConverter::class)

API Interface Method

Till now we have seen how Order body looks like and how we can store it in room database but we would also need an Order API class which specifies which endpoint to hit and what body and response type it is expecting.

Given below is the placeOrder function which hits the Order endpoint (baseURL/orders), with the body as an Order and returns a Single<Order> as a response. Since we are using retrofit for making network requests endpoint path is simply added inside @Path annotation and the body can be passed in parameters of the function using @Body annotation.

interface OrderApi {
   @POST(“orders”)
   fun placeOrder(@Body order: Order): Single<Order>
}

OrderService is the class which exposes the OrderApi functions and make it available to its ViewModel.

The placeOrder function inside the service class takes Order as body parameter, when this function is called it makes a call to the API function to place an order with the passed parameter the response of which is inserted into the database (caching of Orders) also returns the same value

class OrderService(private val orderApi: OrderApi, private val orderDao: OrderDao) {
   fun placeOrder(order: Order): Single<Order> {
       return orderApi.placeOrder(order)
               .map {
                   orderDao.insertOrder(it)
                   it
               }
   }

To create an Order from the Fragment or Activity one call implement the following function createOrder.

createOrder calls the service layer function placeOrder and subscribes to this observable. Here we are observing on main thread because all the UI related changes has to be done from the main thread. As soon as we subscribe to the function we also sets progress.value = true this allows us to show a progress bar on the UI this is changed to false once the response is received (see doFinally).

You can find the following function in the AttendeeViewModel class in Open Event Android project

fun createOrder(order: Order) {
       compositeDisposable.add(orderService.placeOrder(order)
               .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
               .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
               .doOnSubscribe {
                   progress.value = true
               }.doFinally {
                   progress.value = false
               }.subscribe({
                   message.value = “Order created successfully!”
                   Timber.d(“Success placing order!”)
               }, {
                   message.value = “Unable to create Order!”
                   Timber.d(it, “Failed creating Order”)
               }))
   }

Whenever user fills in details of all the attendees sequence of calls and methods are invoked. Firstly attendees are created for the event with ticket details and the data as provided from the UI. On the successful generation of all the attendees ie when total ticket quantity equals the no of attendees an order object is generated with attendees as the list of attendee previously generated and other details as required, this is then passed to createOrder function which internally interacts with the service layer function to create Order.

Resources

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Adding JSONAPI Support in Open Event Android App

The Open Event API Server exposes a well documented JSONAPI compliant REST API that can be used in The Open Even App Generator and Frontend to access and manipulate data. So it is also needed to add support of JSONAPI in external services like The Open Even App Generator and Frontend. In this post I explain how to add JSONAPI support in Android.

There are many client libraries to implement JSONAPI support in Android or Java like moshi-jsonapi, morpheus etc. You can find the list here. The main problem is most of the libraries require to inherit attributes from Resource model but in the Open Event Android App we already inherit from a RealmObject class and in Java we can’t inherit from more than one model or class. So we will be using the jsonapi-converter library which uses annotation processing to add JSONAPI support.

1. Add dependency

In order to use jsonapi-converter in your app add following dependencies in your app module’s build.gradle file.

dependencies {
	compile 'com.github.jasminb:jsonapi-converter:0.7'
}

2.  Write model class

Models will be used to represent requests and responses. To support JSONAPI we need to take care of followings when writing the models.

  • Each model class must be annotated with com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.annotations.Type annotation
  • Each class must contain a String attribute annotated with com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.annotations.Id annotation
  • All relationships must be annotated with com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.annotations.Relationship annotation

In the Open Event Android we have so many models like event, session, track, microlocation, speaker etc. Here I am only defining track model because of its simplicity and less complexity.

@Type("track")
public class Track extends RealmObject {

        	@Id(IntegerIdHandler.class)
        	private int id;
        	private String name;
        	private String description;
        	private String color;
        	private String fontColor;
        	@Relationship("sessions")
        	private RealmList<Session> sessions;

        	//getters and setters
}

Jsonapi-converter uses Jackson for data parsing. To know how to use Jackson for parsing follow my previous blog.

Type annotation is used to instruct the serialization/deserialization library on how to process given model class. Each resource must have the id attribute. Id annotation is used to flag an attribute of a class as an id attribute. In above class the id attribute is int so we need to specify IntegerIdHandler class which is ResourceHandler in the annotation. Relationship annotation is used to designate other resource types as a relationship. The value in the Relationship annotation should be as per JSONAPI specification of the server. In the Open Event Project each track has the sessions so we need to add a Relationship annotation for it.

3.  Setup API service and retrofit

After defining models, define API service interface as you would usually do with standard JSON APIs.

public interface OpenEventAPI {
    @GET("tracks?include=sessions&fields[session]=title")
    Call<List<Track>> getTracks();
}

Now create an ObjectMapper & a retrofit object and initialize them.

ObjectMapper objectMapper = OpenEventApp.getObjectMapper();
Class[] classes = {Track.class, Session.class};

OpenEventAPI openEventAPI = new Retrofit.Builder()
                    .client(okHttpClient)
                    .baseUrl(Urls.BASE_URL)
                    .addConverterFactory(new JSONAPIConverterFactory(objectMapper, classes))
                    .build()
                    .create(OpenEventAPI.class);

 

The classes array instance contains a list of all the model classes which will be supported by this retrofit builder and API service. Here the main task is to add a JSONAPIConverterFactory which will be used to serialize and deserialize data according to JSONAPI specification. The JSONAPIConverterFactory constructor takes two parameters ObjectMapper and list of classes.

4.  Use API service  

Now after setting up all the things according to above steps, you can use the openEventAPI instance to fetch data from the server.

openEventAPI.getTracks();

Conclusion

JSON API is designed to minimize both the number of requests and the amount of data transmitted between clients and servers

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Using Jackson Library in Open Event Android App for JSON Parsing

Jackson library is a popular library to map Java objects to JSON and vice-versa and has a better parsing speed as compared to other popular parsing libraries like GSON, JSONP etc. This blog post gives a basic explanation on how we utilised the Jackson library in the Open Event Android App.

To use the Jackson library we need to add the dependency for it in the app/build.gradle file.

compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-jackson:2.2.0'

After updating the app/build.gradle file with the code above we were able to use Jackson library in our project.

Example of Jackson Library JSON Parsing

To explain how the mapping is done let us take an example. The file given below is the sponsors.json file from the android app.

[
    “description”: “”,
    “id”: 1,
    “level”: 3,
    “name”:  KI Group,
    “type”: Gold,
    “url: “”,
    “logo-url”: “” 
]

The sponsors.json consists of mainly 7 attributes namely description, id, level, name, type, url and logo url for describing one sponsor of the event. The Sponsors.java file for converting the json response to Java POJO objects was done as follows utilizing the Jackson library:

public class Sponsors extends RealmObject {
    @JsonProperty(“id”)
    private int id;

    @JsonProperty(“type”)
    private String type;

    @JsonProperty(“description”)
    private String description;

    @JsonProperty(“level”)
    private String level;

    @JsonProperty(“name”)
    private String name;

    @JsonProperty(“url”)
    private String url;

    @JsonProperty(“logo-url”)
    private String logoUrl;
}

As we can see from the above code snippet, the JSON response is converted to Java POJO objects simply by using the annotation “@JsonProperty(“”)” which does the work for us.

Another example which makes this library amazing are the setter and getter annotations which help us use a single variable for two different json attributes if need be. We faced this situation when we were moving from the old api to the new json api. In that case we wanted support for both, old and new json attributes. In that case we simply used the following code snippet which made our transition to new api easier.

public class Sponsors extends RealmObject {
    private int id;
    private String type;
    private String description;
    private String level;
    private String name;
    private String url;
    private String logoUrl;

    @JsonSetter(“logo”)
    public void setLogo(String logoUrl) {
        this.logoUrl = logoUrl;
    }

    @JsonSetter(“logo-url”)
    public void setLogo(String logoUrl) {
        this.logoUrl = logoUrl;
    }
}

As we can see the setter annotations allow easy naming of variable to multiple attributes if need be thus making the code easily adaptable with less overload.

Related Links:

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Shrinking Model Classes Boilerplate in Open Event Android Projects Using Jackson and Lombok

JSON is the de facto standard format used for REST API communication, and for consuming any of such API on Android apps like Open Event Android Client and Organiser App, we need Plain Old Java Objects, or POJOs to map the JSON attributes to class properties. These are called models, for they model the API response or request. Basic structure of these models contain

  • Private properties representing JSON attributes
  • Getters and Setters for these properties used to change the object or access its data
  • A toString() method which converts object state to a string, useful for logging and debugging purposes
  • An equals and hashcode method if we want to compare two objects

These can be easily and automatically be generated by any modern IDE, but add unnecessarily to the code base for a relatively simple model class, and are also difficult to maintain. If you add, remove, or rename a method, you have to change its getters/setters, toString and other standard data class methods.

There are a couple of ways to handle it:

  • Google’s Auto Value: Creates Immutable class builders and creators, with all standard methods. But, as it generates a new class for the model, you need to add a library to make it work with JSON parsers and Retrofit. Secondly, there is no way to change the object attributes as they are immutable. It is generally a good practice to make your models immutable, but if you are manipulating their data in your application and saving it in your database, it won’t be possible except than to create a copy of that object. Secondly, not all database storage libraries support it
  • Kotlin’s Data Classes: Kotlin has a nice way to made models using data classes, but it has certain limitations too. Only parameters in primary constructor will be included in the data methods generated, and for creating a no argument constructor (required for certain database libraries and annotation processors), you either need to assign default value to each property or call the primary constructor filling in all the default values, which is a boilerplate of its own. Secondly, sometimes 3rd party libraries are needed to work correctly with data classes on some JSON parsing frameworks, and you probably don’t want to just include Kotlin in your project just for data classes
  • Lombok: We’ll be talking about it later in this blog
  • Immutables, Xtend Lang, etc

This is one kind of boilerplate, and other kind is JSON property names. As we know Java uses camelcase notation for properties, and JSON attributes are mostly:

  • Snake Cased: property_name
  • Kebab Cased: property-name

Whether you are using GSON, Jackson or any other JSON parsing framework, it works great for non ambiguous property names which match as same in both JSON and Java, but requires special naming attributes for translating JSON attributes to camelcase and vice versa. Won’t you want your parser to intelligently convert property_name to propertyName without having you write the tedious mapping which is not only a boilerplate, but also error prone in case your API changes and you forget to update the annotations, or make a spelling mistake, as they are just non type-safe strings.

These boilerplates cause serious regressions during development for what should be a simple Java model for a simple API response. These both kinds of boilerplate are also related to each other as all JSON parsers look for getters and setters for private fields, so there are two layers of potential errors in modeling JSON to Java Models. This should be a lot simpler than it is. So, in this blog, we’ll see how we can configure our project to be 0 boilerplate tolerant and error free. We reduced approximately 70% boilerplate using this configuration in our projects. For example, the Event model class we had (our biggest) reduced from 590 lines to just 74!

We will use a simpler class for our example here:

public class CallForPapers {

    private String announcement;
    @JsonProperty("starts-at")
    private String startsAt;
    private String privacy;
    @JsonProperty("ends-at")
    private String endsAt;

    // Getters and Setters

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CallForPapers{" +
                "announcement='" + announcement + '\'' +
                ", startsAt='" + startsAt + '\'' +
                ", privacy='" + privacy + '\'' +
                ", endsAt='" + endsAt + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 

Note that getters and setters have been omitted for brevity. The actual class is 57 lines long

As you can see, we are using @JsonProperty annotation to properly map the starts-at attribute to startsAt property and similarly on endsAt. First, we’ll remove this boilerplate from our code. Note that this seems a bit overkill for 2 attributes, but imagine the time you’ll save by not having to maintain 100s of attributes for the whole project.

Jackson is smart enough to map different naming styles to one another in both serializing and deserializing. This is done by using Naming Strategy class in Jackson. There is an option to globally configure it, but I found that it did not work for our case, so we had to apply it to each model. It can be simply done by adding another annotation on the top of your class declaration and removing the JsonProperty attribute from your fields

@JsonNaming(PropertyNamingStrategy.KebabCaseStrategy.class)
public class CallForPapers {

    private String announcement;
    private String startsAt;
    private String privacy;
    private String endsAt;

    // Getters and Setters

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CallForPapers{" +
                "announcement='" + announcement + '\'' +
                ", startsAt='" + startsAt + '\'' +
                ", privacy='" + privacy + '\'' +
                ", endsAt='" + endsAt + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 

Our class looks like this now. But be careful to properly name your getters and setters because now, Jackson will map attributes by method names, so if you name the setter for startsAt -> setStartsAt it will automatically understand that the attribute to be mapped is “starts-at”. But, if the method name is something else, then it won’t be able to correctly map the fields. If your properties are not private, then Jackson may instead use them to map fields, so be sure to name your public properties in a correct manner.

Note: If your API does not use kebab case, there are plenty of other options or naming strategies present in Jackson, one example will be

  • PropertyNamingStrategy.SnakeCaseStrategy for attributes like “starts_at”

 Needless to say, this will only work if your API uses a uniform naming strategy

Now we have removed quite a burden from the development lifecycle, but 70% of class is still getters, setters, toString and other data methods. Now, we’ll configure lombok to automatically generate these for us. First, we’ll need to add lombok in our project by adding provided dependency in build.gradle and sync the project

provided 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.16.18'

 

And now you’d want to install Lombok plugin in Android Studio by going to Files > Settings > Plugins and searching and installing Lombok Plugin and restarting the IDE

 

After you have restarted the IDE, navigate to your model and add @Data annotation at the top of your class and remove all getters/setters, toString, equals, hashcode and if the plugin was installed correctly and lombok was installed from the gradle dependencies, these will be automatically generated for you at build time without any problem. A way for you to see the generated methods is to the structure perspective in the Project Window.

 

There are many more fun tools in lombok and more fine grained control options are provided. Our class looks like this now

@Data
@JsonNaming(PropertyNamingStrategy.KebabCaseStrategy.class)
public class CallForPapers {
    private String announcement;
    private String startsAt;
    private String privacy;
    private String endsAt;
}

 

Reduced to 16 lines (including imports and package). Now, there are some corner cases that you want to iron out for the integration between lombok and Jackson to work correctly.

Lombok uses property names for generating its getters and setters. But there’s a different convention for handling booleans. For the sake of simplicity, we’ll only talk about primitive boolean. You can check out the links below to learn more about class type. The primitive boolean property of the standard Java format, for example hasSessions will generate hasSessions and getter and setHasSessions. Jackson is smart but it expects a getter named getHasSessions creating problems in serialization. Similarly, for a property name isComplete, generate getter and setter will be isComplete and setComplete, creating a problem in deserialization too. Actually, there are ways how Jackson can get boolean values mapped correctly with these getters/setters, but that method needs to rename property itself, changing the getters and setters generated by Lombok. There is actually a way to tell Lombok to not generate this format of getter/setter. You’d need to create a file named lombok.config in your project directory app/ and write this in it

lombok.anyConstructor.suppressConstructorProperties = true
lombok.addGeneratedAnnotation = false
lombok.getter.noIsPrefix = true

 

There are some other settings in it that make it configured for Android specific project

There are some known issues in Android related to Lombok. As lombok itself is an annotation processor, and there is no order for annotation processors to run, it may create problems with other annotation processors. Dagger had issues with it until they fixed it in their later versions. So you might need to check out if any of your libraries depend upon the lombok generated code like getters and setters. Certain database libraries use that and Android Data Binding does too. Currently, there is no solution to the problem as they will throw an error about not finding a getter/setter because they ran before lombok. A possible workaround is to make properties public so that instead of using getters and setters, these libraries use them instead. This is not a good practice, but as this is a data class and you are already creating getters and setters for all fields, this is not a security vulnerability.

There are tons of options for both Jackson and Lombok with a lot of features to help the development process, so be sure to check out these links:

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JSON Deserialization Using Jackson in Open Event Android App

The Open Event project uses JSON format for transferring event information like tracks, sessions, microlocations and other. The event exported in the zip format from the Open Event server also contains the data in JSON format. The Open Event Android application uses this JSON data. Before we use this data in the app, we have to parse the data to get Java objects that can be used for populating views. Deserialization is the process of converting JSON data to Java objects. In this post I explain how to deserialize JSON data using Jackson.

1. Add dependency

In order to use Jackson in your app add following dependencies in your app module’s build.gradle file.

dependencies {
	compile 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.8.9'
	compile 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.8.9'
	compile 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.8.9'
}

2.  Define entity model of data

In the Open Event Android we have so many models like event, session, track, microlocation, speaker etc. Here i am only defining track model because of it’s simplicity and less complexity.

public class Track {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String description;
	private String color;
	@JsonProperty("font-color")       
	private String fontColor;
    
	//getters and setters
}

Here if the property name is same as json attribute key then no need to add JsonProperty annotation like we have done for id, name color property. But if property name is different from json attribute key then it is necessary to add JsonProperty annotation.

3.  Create sample JSON data

Let’s create sample JSON format data we want to deserialize.

{
        "id": 273,
        "name": "Android",
        "description": "Sample track",
        "color": "#94868c",
        "font-color": "#000000"
}

4.  Deserialize using ObjectMapper

ObjectMapper is Jackson serializer/deserializer. ObjectMapper’s readValue() method is used for simple deserialization. It takes two parameters one is JSON data we want to deserialize and second is Model entity class. Create an ObjectMapper object and initialize it.

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

Now create a Model entity object and initialize it with deserialized data from ObjectMapper’s readValue() method.

Track track = objectMapper.readValue(json, Track.class);

So we have converted JSON data into the Java object.

Jackson is very powerful library for JSON serialization and deserialization. To learn more about Jackson features follow the links given below.

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