SUSI.AI

Read more about the article Creating a Factory Reset Daemon for SUSI.AI Smart Speaker

Creating a Factory Reset Daemon for SUSI.AI Smart Speaker

In our constantly evolving SUSI.AI Smart Speaker project, we require regular updates for our devices. And imagine a scenario that during a crucial update, there is a crash or an internet disconnection which stops the SUSI.AI Linux program from booting up. We’ll require a reset method for that. So, we have added a button in SUSI smart speaker that works as a factory reset switch. This daemon was accomplished by using python scripting, bash scripting, and Raspbian’s systemd rules. Approach followed We have created a python script that detects the button presses on GPIO port 17. The script is run as soon as the Raspberry Pi is booted using the systemd rules and checks for the device inputs. And if the button press is for more than 7 seconds, the factory_reset.sh script is run which deletes all the contents of the repo and clones it again.   #! /bin/bash # To be executed using a physical button SCRIPT_PATH=$(realpath $0) DIR_PATH=$(dirname $SCRIPT_PATH) cd $DIR_PATH/../.. pwd mv susi_linux/ susi_temp git clone https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux #while testing change to personal repo pwd ls cd susi_linux rm -rf ../susi_temp ./install.sh   Detecting the Button Press We have Used the library RPi.GPIO to detect button click on raspberry Pi. while True:        if GPIO.input(17) == 1:            pass        elif GPIO.input(17) == 0 :            start = time.time()           while GPIO.input(17) == 0 :                print("on")                time.sleep(0.1)           end = time.time()            total = end - start            if total >= 7 :               subprocess.call(['bash','factory_reset.sh'])           else :                mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer()                value = mixer.getvolume()[0]               if value != 0:                   mixer.setvolume(0)                else:                    mixer.setvolume(50)            print(total)            time.sleep(0.1)   If the button press is greater than 7 seconds, factory reset process will start and if the press is less than 7 seconds, the button will function as mute button   Auto Booting The program   For the script to autorun everytime the raspberry pi started. We create systemd file which will allow the program to start as soon as the device has started   [Unit] Description=SUSI Linux Factory Daemon After=multi-user.target [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /home/pi/SUSI.AI/susi_linux/factory_reset/factory_reset.py [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target   This runs the factory reset script to boot up as soon as the Raspberry Pi starts References Information about Systemd Files from Redhat Documentation: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system_administrators_guide/sect-managing_services_with_systemd-unit_files Official documentation about RPI.GPiO module: https://pypi.org/project/RPi.GPIO/ Official documentation about Time Library : https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html Tags susi, factory_daemon, factory_reset, gsoc, gsoc’18,susi_linux , fossasia

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Read more about the article Creating a Custom Raspbian Image containing SUSI.AI Linux Libraries

Creating a Custom Raspbian Image containing SUSI.AI Linux Libraries

Installing Raspbian and SUSI Linux on your Raspberry Pi can be a long process and if your raspberry Pi crashes due to some bug, you have to repeat the process again and again. It wastes a lot of valuable time. So, we will discuss a method in which we will have to install the SUSI Linux repo only once and can use it again in case of any issues. First, we’ll go through the requirements for f installing SUSI Linux on our hardware Hardware Requirements 1> Raspberry Pi 2> Micro SD card (16GB or greater) 3> USB Mic 4> USB Mouse and USB Keyboard 5> HDMI Monitor 6> ReSpeaker Pi Hat 2 Mic Array(optional) 7> 3.5 mm Jack Headphones / Speaker   Step 1: Preparing SD for Installation 1> To format your SD card You can use softwares like SDCardformater to do so. 2> To install Raspbian Download raspbian official build from here Now mount the Image using software like Etcher or win32diskimager   Step 2: Installing SUSI Linux on your Pi 1> Navigate to the folder `/home/pi` and make a folder called SUSI.AI   cd /home/pi mkdir SUSI.AI cd SUSI.AI   2> Clone the SUSI Linux repo from here and navigate in the repo   git clone http://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux cd susi_linux/   3> Run the installation script by using the command `./install.sh`   ./install.sh   4> Run the configuration script by using the following command `python3 config_generator.py <stt> <tts> <hotword> <wake>`   5> Run SUSI linux with the following command `python3 -m main` ‘log’ If it plays a bell after you say ‘SUSI’ , it means that your software has been successfully installed Step 3: Creating the image 1> Now that you have successfully installed SUSI Linux on your raspberry Pi , we will make a backup of the current stage of the system and use it for future references   2>Turn off the raspberry Pi , and remove the SD card from the Pi and insert it in your system.   3> To create the custom Image , use something like win32 imager and follow the steps below In the text box , create a custom where you want your image to exist Click on read button And voila   References https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ https://etcher.io/ https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/ Tags Fossasia, gsoc’18, SUSI.AI , susi_linux , gsoc, SUSI HW, installation

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Read more about the article Implementing Volume Action in SUSI Smart Speaker

Implementing Volume Action in SUSI Smart Speaker

We all know that a Smart Speaker to excel above its competitors has to excel in first being a good “Speaker” and a speaker has a basic and essential feature which is “volume control”. But things get better if you can control your volume with your voice. So, we have implemented a feature that allows the user to control the volume of the audio with his/her voice. Below are the steps we had to follow to implement this feature   Step 1: Creating the Skills The skills required to implement the ‘volume-action’ is implemented in the SUSI Server repo itself. The skill is located in susi_server/conf/system_skills/general/en/en_0001_foundation.txt   And below are the skills required   set audio volume to *|set audio volume to * percent|set audio volume to * points|set volume to *|set volume to * percent|set volume to * points !console:Audio volume is now $1$ percent. {"actions":[ {"type":"audio_volume", "volume":$1$} ]} eol   We get the following response from the server   "actions": [      {        "volume": "80",        "type": "audio_volume"      },      {        "type": "answer",        "expression": "Audio volume is now 80 percent."      }   Step 2: Finding Volume Action in the server response Now that our Server responds to our queries regarding the voice change action , we must implement it in our Smart Speaker Client. We first create a custom class in our in the SUSI API Wrapper repo which has only one member   class VolumeAction(BaseAction):    def __init__(self , volume):        super().__init__()        self.volume = volume   We check through the actions in the server’s response   elif isinstance(action, VolumeAction):            result['volume'] = action.volume   Step 3: Implementing it in the client Now to implement the action in our client we use a library called ‘alsaaudio’ to control the master volume of our RaspberryPi                 m = alsaaudio.Mixer()                m.setvolume(int(reply['volume']))                os.system('play {0} &'.format(self.components.config['detection_bell_sound']))  # nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore                m = alsaaudio.Mixer()                m.setvolume(int(reply['volume']))                os.system('play {0} &'.format(self.components.config['detection_bell_sound']))  # nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore   Now the user can easily change the speaker using the voice commands References https://pypi.org/project/pyalsaaudio/ https://github.com/fossasia/susi_server https://github.com/fossasia/susi_api_wrapper https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux   Tags GSoC, GSoC’18, SUSI.AI, SUSI Linux, Smart Speaker , SUSI API Wrapper, SUSI Server, FOSSASIA, Volume Action

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Read more about the article Using a Flask Server to Connect to SUSI smart speaker

Using a Flask Server to Connect to SUSI smart speaker

A smart speaker becomes significantly smarter when it is connected to a Smart-Phone. So, we added a way to connect the Smart-Phone to the Smart Speaker and initiate the first way towards a Smart Home. Use a simple HTTP connection protocol and deploy a light-weight server on the Raspberry Pi to allow connection from a mobile phone. Step 1: Setting Up the server Use flask to deploy a light-weight server on the raspberry pi. We’ll install flask using raspbian repos.   1>Install Flask by using the following command sudo apt-get install python3-flask   2> Setting up the boilerplate code. Open the terminal and type the following commands ` mkdir server_app cd server_app touch app.py `   Add the following code to your app.py file. This create a server at localhost:5000   from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def index():    return 'Hello world' if __name__ == '__main__':    app.run(debug=False, host='0.0.0.0')  #This will allow the server to be accessible on all devices   Step 2: Adding Endpoints Now , add endpoints which will trigger the scripts during initialisation of the raspberry Pi. This will trigger the respective endpoints @app.route('/auth/<auth>/<email>/<passwd>') def login(auth, email, passwd): os.system('sudo ./login.sh {} {} {}'.format(auth, email,passwd)) #nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore return 'Authenticated' # pylint-enable@app.route('/wifi_credentials/<wifissid>/<wifipassd>') def wifi_config(wifissid,wifipassd): wifi_ssid = wifissid wifi_password = wifipassd os.system('sudo ./home/pi/SUSI.AI/susi_linux/access_point/wifi_search.sh {} {}'.format(wifi_ssid,wifi_password))  #nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore return 'Wifi Configured' # pylint-enable   Step 3: Connecting to the endpoints Now, try and hit the API endpoints to get the response. eg.As shown in the above example, you will be getting a single line response and will execute a bash script behind the scenes Now you can access the other endpoints and configure the clients with the SUSI Smart Speaker References https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/   Tags fossasia,GSoC,Python, Flask , raspberryPi, SUSI,smart-speaker,FOSSASIA

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Read more about the article Displaying SUSI Smart speaker under Devices while logging in

Displaying SUSI Smart speaker under Devices while logging in

The user should be given an ability to access all his devices on one page(Smart Speaker, IOS Device, WebClient and the Android Device). The user was previously allowed to access his/her web app account, the IOS app, Android App. But not the Smart Speaker. Now, this feature will allow the user to easily manage the Smart Speaker devices without many hassles. In this post, we will be talking about the API’s that we have used to send the details of the Smart-Speaker to the server. About the API’s Below is the API endpoint which will return the list of all devices present under the user’s account We use the following endpoint /aaa/ListUserSettings.json?/access_token=access_token   Below is sample response : "devices": { "8C-39-45-cc-eb-95": { "name": "Device 1", "room": "Room 1", "geolocation": { "latitude": "52.34567", "longitude": "62.34567" }  } }   The second endpoint that we will be using is to add a new Device under the devices section API Endpoint /aaa/addNewDevice.json?   This endpoint has the following parameters macid (Mac address of the device) name (Name of the device) room (Room info of the device) latitude (Latitude info of the device) longitude (Longitude info of the device)   After successfully hitting the endpoint , you’ll get the following response   { "accepted": true, "message": "You have successfully added the device!", "session": {"identity": { "type": "email", "name": "sansyrox@gmail.com", "anonymous": false }} }   Implementing the API’s First, we check the server for existing devices. This step is implemented primarily to check weather our current Smart Speaker is already configured or not. get_device_info = api_endpoint + '/aaa/listUserSettings.json?' param1 = {        'access_token':access_token    }    # print(access_token)    if access_token is not None:        device_info_response = requests.get(get_device_info,param1)        device_info = device_info_response.json()    # print(device_info) If the current device is not already configured on Server, we proceed to next step. Now we will configure the device with the server and then post the device settings there. We will implement the API in the following way:   if device_info is not None:    device = device_info['devices'] # list of existing mac ids    print(device)    session = device_info['session'] # session info    identity = session['identity']    name = identity['name']        params2 = {    'macid': macid,    'name': name,    'device': 'Smart Speaker',    'access_token': access_token    }    for dev in device:        if dev == macid:            print('Device already configured')            return        else :            adding_device = requests.post(add_device_url, params2)            print(adding_device.url)   To extract the mac address from the speaker and pass it as the params , we use a python library called UUID and this is how SUSI Smart Speaker is displayed on the web client(chat.susi.ai). Resources https://github.com/fossasia/susi_api_wrapper https://github.com/fossasia/susi_server https://docs.python.org/2/library/uuid.html https://chat.susi.ai/ Tags  

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Read more about the article Creating an Update Daemon for SUSI Smart Speaker

Creating an Update Daemon for SUSI Smart Speaker

A daemon in reference of operating systems is a computer program that runs as a background process rather than under direct control of the user. Various daemons are being used in SUSI smart speaker. The following daemons have been created Update Daemon Media Discovery Daemon Factory Reset Daemon  In this blog, we’ll be discussing the implementation of the Update Daemon in SUSI.AI Update Daemon Due to the ever-growing coding community, it is needed to provide regular updates to the smart speaker and keep it in sync with the latest technology. Hence an Update Daemon was required that could fetch updates at a regular interval. The Updated Daemon was implemented in the following steps 1.Deciding the Update Interval How frequently should we check for updates was the first question that was tackled while implementing this daemon. We decided that we should check for Update, every time the Raspberry Pi starts and an internet connection was available. 2. Implementing The Decision To start the Update script every time the Raspberry Pi starts, we decided to create Systemd rules. [Unit] Description=Update Check- SUSI Linux Wants=network-online.target After=network-online.target [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/home/pi/SUSI.AI/susi_linux/update_daemon/update_check.sh [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target The above rule waits for a network connection to be established with the Raspberry Pi and then triggers a bash script that fetches updates 3. Fetching The Updates Now, a bash script was prepared that would fetch the latest changes from the online repo and merge the latest changes in the local repo   #!/bin/sh UPSTREAM=${1:-'@{u}'} LOCAL=$(git rev-parse @) REMOTE=$(git rev-parse "$UPSTREAM") BASE=$(git merge-base @ "$UPSTREAM") CHECK='' if [ $LOCAL = $REMOTE ] then    echo "Up-to-date"    CHECK='up-to-date' elif [ $LOCAL = $BASE ] then    echo "Need to pull"    CHECK=”Need-to-pull” else    echo "Diverged" fi if [$CHECK = "Need-to-pull"] then    git fetch UPSTREAM    git merge UPSTREAM/master fi   Resources https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system_administrators_guide/sect-managing_services_with_systemd-unit_files https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux https://github.com/fossasia/susi_server Tags   susi.ai, gsoc, gsoc’18, fossasia, update, daemon, update_daemon, smart speaker, systemd, hardware

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Read more about the article Create a Wireless Access Point Using a Raspberry Pi to Connect with SUSI Smart Speaker

Create a Wireless Access Point Using a Raspberry Pi to Connect with SUSI Smart Speaker

To use the pi as a wifi bridge, a local network or just as a wifi range extender.We at FOSSASIA are using it as a network to connect between our SUSI.AI smart speaker and the Android and IOS devices. Or maybe because you can !! :’) Requirements: Raspberry Pi Model 3(since we will be using an internal wifi) Power supply for the Pi. Monitor (optional) Keyboard (optional) Mouse (optional) Steps: 1.Install and upgrade raspbian   Sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install   2. Install hostapd and dnsmasq . This will allow us to use our raspberry pi as a wireless access point   apt-get remove --purge hostapd -yqq apt-get update -yqq apt-get upgrade -yqq apt-get install hostapd dnsmasq -yqq   3. Now we will add broadcasting IP and DNS address in the dnsmasq configuration file To access the configuration file use: sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.co   And to the bottom of the file, add the following commands   interface=wlan0 dhcp-range=10.0.0.2,10.0.0.5,255.255.255.0,12h   Now to select the SSID and the PASSWORD for the access point, we’ll need to change the configurations of hostapd package sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf   Then, use the following commands :   interface=wlan0 hw_mode=g channel=10 auth_algs=1 wpa=2 wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=CCMP rsn_pairwise=CCMP wpa_passphrase="your_broadcasting_password" ssid="your_broadcasting_ssid" ieee80211n=1 wmm_enabled=1 ht_capab=[HT40][SHORT-GI-20][DSSS_CCK-40]   To finally sum up the configuration, we’ll have to create a  custom network interface that combines all the settings that we have made. sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces   And add the following lines it the EOF allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet static address 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.0.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255   Now, we just have to have to disable default interfaces so that they do not interfere with the custom interfaces that we have made. To do so   sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf   Add the following line at the end of the file denyinterfaces wlan0   Now just restart the services   systemctl enable hostapd && systemctl enable dnsmasq sudo service hostapd start && sudo service dnsmasq start sudo reboot   Now, you will be able to enjoy a self-made access point which is used as a basic mode of connection in SUSI Smart Speaker and can also be used in various other access point methods.   References https://frillip.com/using-your-raspberry-pi-3-as-a-wifi-access-point-with-hostapd/ https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux https://learn.adafruit.com/setting-up-a-raspberry-pi-as-a-wifi-access-point/overview   Tags GSOC’18 , FOSSASIA, ACCESS_POINT, SUSI.AI, GSOC, SUSI , SMART_SPEAKER

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Read more about the article Adding Audio Streaming from Youtube in SUSI Linux

Adding Audio Streaming from Youtube in SUSI Linux

In this blog post we will describe how the youtube streaming works in the SUSI smart speaker and how audio is streamed directly from youtube videos. To achieve this process, we have used an amazing Open-Source project called MPV music Player along with python libraries like Subprocess. 1.Processing a Query to the server Firstly , the user asks the smart speaker to play the youtube audio by simply adding a ‘play’ word before his/her favorite song. eg. I’ll say ‘play despacito’ and then the command is recognized and a query is sent to the server which sends the following response as a JSON object. "actions": [      {        "type": "answer",        "expression": "Playing Luis Fonsi - Despacito ft. Daddy Yankee"      },      {        "identifier": "kJQP7kiw5Fk",        "identifier_type": "youtube",        "type": "video_play"      }] 2.Parsing the response Then the speaker parses the response in the following way. The Speaker traverses through all the actions returned in the response and checks for all the “identifier” by assigning a custom class to it. class VideoAction(BaseAction):    def __init__(self, identifier , identifier_type):        super().__init__()        self.identifier = identifier        self.identifier_type = identifier_type Now we check whether the query is the type of a custom class VideoAction and then the client processes the query as the response.       elif isinstance(action, VideoAction):           result['identifier'] = action.identifier            audio_url = result['identifier']   3.Implementing the Actions Now that we have identified that the response contains a Video Action, we can finally implement a way to play the audio from the URL. We use a music player called MPV Music Player and the library Subprocess to make it run asynchronously. if 'identifier' in reply.keys():    classifier = reply['identifier']    if classifier[:3] == 'ytd':        video_url = reply['identifier']        video_pid = subprocess.Popen('mpv --no-video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={} --really-quiet &'.format(video_url[4:]), shell=True)  # nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore        self.video_pid = video_pid.pid This is how audio is streamed from youtube videos in SUSI Smart Speaker. Resources https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv https://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux https://github.com/fossasia/susi_api_wrapper Tags fossasia, gsoc’18, susi, susi.ai, youtube, music, mp3 , mpv, audio stream  

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Read more about the article Adding Offline support To SUSI Linux

Adding Offline support To SUSI Linux

Till now, SUSI smart speaker was working only as an online model like the other speakers in the market. For the first time, we have introduced a feature which allows the speaker to work offline. We deployed the server on the hardware itself and also provide the option of an online server as a fallback.   The Offline Support was implemented in the following steps   Step 1: Deploying SUSI Server Locally   Firstly , configure a bash script to allow automatic deployment of the server along with the initialization of the susi_linux script.   echo "Deploying local server" if  [ ! -e "susi-server" ] then    git clone https://github.com/fossasia/susi_server.git fi if [ -e "susi_server" ] then        cd susi_server    git submodule update --recursive --remote    git submodule update --init --recursive    ./gradlew build    bin/start.sh fi    The above builds the server and deploys it on ‘localhost:4000’.   Then, add the following test on SUSI Linux wrapper to check if the local server is up and running. Using the local server not adds an offline support but also increases the efficiency by around 30%. def check_local_server():    test_params = {        'q': 'Hello',        'timezoneOffset': int(time.timezone / 60)    }    try:        chat_url = 'http://localhost:4000/susi/chat.json'        if (requests.get(chat_url, test_params)):            print('connected to local server')            global api_endpoint            api_endpoint = 'http://localhost:4000'    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:        print('local server is down') check_local_server()   As shown above, this is a test checking for the local server. If the local server is down, the online server is chosen as a fallback   Step 2: Adding an Offline STT Service Now, that we are able to process a query offline. We must have a way in which, we can recognize the user’s voice commands without using the internet. For that, we use the service of PocketSphinx. But first, we check if the internet is available or not   def internet_on():        try:            urllib2.urlopen('http://216.58.192.142', timeout=1)  # nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore            return True  # pylint-enable        except urllib2.URLError as err:            print(err)            return False   If the internet connection is available, we use the online STT service which is Google STT ( default) and switch over to PocketSphinx in case the internet connection is not available.   Step 3: Adding the Offline TTS service Finally, we’ll need an offline TTS service which will help us turn SUSI’s response to voice commands. We’ll be using a service called flite TTS as our offline TTS.   elif payload == 'ConnectionError':             self.notify_renderer('error', 'connection')                                  self.notify_renderer('error', 'connection')             config['default_tts'] = 'flite'             os.system('play extras/connect-error.wav')                 We check if there is a ConnectionError, and then we switch to flite TTS after play an error query   Final Output: We now get a Smart Speaker which is functional without any internet connection.   References https://cmusphinx.github.io/wiki/sphinxinaction/ http://www.festvox.org/flite/ https://github.com/fossasia/susi_linux  Tags   Fossasia, susi, gsoc, gsoc’18, offline_tts , offline_stt ,flite , pocketsphinx

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Read more about the article Creating a Media Daemon for SUSI Smart Speaker

Creating a Media Daemon for SUSI Smart Speaker

A daemon in reference of operating systems is a computer program that runs as a background process rather than under direct control of the user. Various daemons are being used in SUSI smart speaker. The following features have been created Update Daemon Media Discovery Daemon Factory Reset Daemon In this blog, we’ll be discussing the implementation of the Media Discovery Daemon Media Discovery Daemon: The SUSI Smart speaker will have an essential feature which will allow the Users to play music from their USB devices. Hence , a media daemon will be running which will detect a USB connection and then scan it’s contents checking for all the mp3 files and then create custom SUSI skills to allow SUSI Smart Speaker to play music from your USB device.   The Media Daemon was implemented in the following steps 1.UDEV Rules We had to figure out a way to run our daemon as soon as the user inserted the USB storage and stop the daemon as soon as the USB storage was removed   So, we used UDEV rules to trigger the Media Daemon.   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sd?", SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV{ID_BUS}=="usb", RUN="/home/pi/SUSI.AI/susi_linux/media_daemon/autostart.sh"ACTION=="remove, KERNEL=="sd?", SUBSYSTEM=="block", ENV{ID_BUS}=="usb", RUN="/home/pi/SUSI.AI/susi_linux/media_daemon/autostop.sh" The Udev rules trigger a script called ‘autostart.sh’  on USB detection and a script called ‘autostop.sh’ on USB removal. 2. Custom Skill Creation As the USB connection is now detected ,a script is triggered which checks the presence of a  local SUSI server in the repo. If a local server instance is detected,a python script is triggered which parses through the USB mount point and checks for the list of mp3 files present in the storage device and then create a custom skill file in the local server instance.   media_daemon_folder = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) base_folder = os.path.dirname(media_daemon_folder) server_skill_folder = os.path.join(base_folder, 'susi_server/susi_server/data/generic_skills/media_discovery') server_settings_folder = os.path.join(base_folder, 'susi_server/susi_server/data/settings') def make_skill(): # pylint-enable    name_of_usb = get_mount_points()    print(type(name_of_usb))    print(name_of_usb[0])    x = name_of_usb[0]    os.chdir('{}'.format(x[1]))    USB = name_of_usb[0]    mp3_files = glob("*.mp3")    f = open( media_daemon_folder +'/custom_skill.txt','w')    music_path = list()    for mp in mp3_files:        music_path.append("{}".format(USB[1]) + "/{}".format(mp))    song_list = " ".join(music_path)    skills = ['play audio','!console:Playing audio from your usb device','{"actions":[','{"type":"audio_play", "identifier_type":"url", "identifier":"file://'+str(song_list) +'"}',']}','eol']    for skill in skills:        f.write(skill + '\n')    f.close()    shutil.move( media_daemon_folder + 'custom_skill.txt', server_skill_folder)    f2 = open(server_settings_folder + 'customized_config.properties','a')    f2.write('local.mode = true')    f2.close() def get_usb_devices():    sdb_devices = map(os.path.realpath, glob('/sys/block/sd*'))    usb_devices = (dev for dev in sdb_devices        if 'usb' in dev.split('/')[5])    return dict((os.path.basename(dev), dev) for dev in usb_devices) def get_mount_points(devices=None):    devices = devices or get_usb_devices() # if devices are None: get_usb_devices    output = check_output(['mount']).splitlines() #nosec #pylint-disable type: ignore    output = [tmp.decode('UTF-8') for tmp in output ] # pytlint-enable    def is_usb(path):        return any(dev in path for dev in devices)    usb_info = (line for line in output if is_usb(line.split()[0]))    return [(info.split()[0], info.split()[2]) for info in usb_info]    Now a custom skill file will be created in the local server instance by the name of `custom_skill.txt` and the user can play audio from USB by speaking the command ‘play audio’   3. Preparing for the Next USB insertion Now if the User wants to update his/her music library…

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