Building Preference Screen in SUSI Android

SUSI provides various preferences to the user in the settings to customize the app. This allows the user to configure the application according to his own choice. There are different preferences available such as to select the theme or the language for text to speech. Preference Setting Activity is an important part of an Android application. Here we will see how we can implement it in an Android app taking SUSI Android (https://github.com/fossasia/susi_android) as the example.

Firstly, we will proceed by adding the Gradle Dependency for the Setting Preferences

compile 'com.takisoft.fix:preference-v7:25.4.0.3'

Then to create the custom style for our setting preference screen we can set

@style/PreferenceFixTheme

as the base theme and can apply various other modifications and color over this. By default it has the usual Day and Night theme with NoActionBar extension.

Now to make different preferences we can use different classes as shown below:

SwitchPreferenceCompat: This gives us the Switch Preference which we can use to toggle between two different modes in the setting.

EditTextPreference: This preference allows the user to give its own choice of number or string in the settings which can be used for different actions.

For more details on this you can refer the this link.

Implementation in SUSI Android

In SUSI Android we have created an activity named activity_settings which holds the Preference Fragment for the setting.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>


<fragment

  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

  android:id="@+id/chat_pref"

  android:name="org.fossasia.susi.ai.activities.SettingsActivity$ChatSettingsFragment"

  android:layout_width="match_parent"

  android:layout_height="match_parent"

  tools:context="org.fossasia.susi.ai.activities.SettingsActivity"/>

The Preference Settings Fragment contains different Preference categories that are implemented to allow the user to have different customization option while using the app. The pref_settings.xml is as follows

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

  xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

  android:title="@string/settings_title">


  <PreferenceCategory

      android:title="@string/server_settings_title">

      <PreferenceScreen

          android:title="@string/server_pref"

          android:key="Server_Select"

          android:summary="@string/server_select_summary">

      </PreferenceScreen>

  </PreferenceCategory>


  <PreferenceCategory

      android:title="@string/settings_title">

      <com.takisoft.fix.support.v7.preference.SwitchPreferenceCompat

          android:id="@+id/enter_key_pref"

          android:defaultValue="true"

          android:key="@string/settings_enterPreference_key"

          android:summary="@string/settings_enterPreference_summary"

          android:title="@string/settings_enterPreference_label" />

  </PreferenceCategory>

All the logic related to Preferences and their action is written in SettingsActivity Java class. It listens for any change in the preference options and take actions accordingly in the following way.

public class SettingsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


  private static final String TAG = "SettingsActivity";

  private static SharedPreferences prefs;


  @Override

  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

      prefs = getSharedPreferences(Constant.THEME, MODE_PRIVATE);

      Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: " + (prefs.getString(Constant.THEME, DARK)));

      if(prefs.getString(Constant.THEME, "Light").equals("Dark")) {

          setTheme(R.style.PreferencesThemeDark);

      }

      else {

          setTheme(R.style.PreferencesThemeLight);

      }

      setContentView(R.layout.activity_settings);


  }

The class contains a ChatSettingFragment which extends the PreferenceFragmentCompat to give access to override functions such as onPreferenceClick. The code below shows the implementation of it.

public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {

              Intent intent = new Intent();

              intent.setComponent( new ComponentName("com.android.settings","com.android.settings.Settings$TextToSpeechSettingsActivity" ));

              startActivity(intent);

              return true;

          }

      });


      rate=(Preference)getPreferenceManager().findPreference(Constant.RATE);

      rate.setOnPreferenceClickListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener() {

          @Override

          public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {

              startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=" + getContext().getPackageName())));

              return true;

          }

      });
}

For diving more into the code we can refer to the github repo of Susi Android (https://github.com/fossasia/susi_android).

Resources

Continue ReadingBuilding Preference Screen in SUSI Android

Building Android preference screen


Some days ago, I started building a Setting Screen for my Android app. Everything was fine, until I opened it on an older Android version. The overview screen had no material design, a thing I would have accepted, if there weren’t those completely destroyed dialogs: Android’s internal preferences are using Android’s internal app.AlertDialogs. Those dialogs in combination with the AppCompat Dialog Theme, which I had applied to them, resulted in a dialog with two frames on older devices (One system default dialog and a material frame around it).
So I decided to switch to the android.support.v7.preference library, only to face a lot more issues.


Including the Library

In order to use the new preferences, we need to import a library. To do so, we add this line to our gradle dependencies (You should change the version number to the latest).

compile 'com.android.support:preference-v7:23.4.0'

Building The Preference Screen

Creating the Preferences

At first, we need to create our preference structure: We create a new XML Android resource file as xml/app_preferences.xml. Now we can add our preference structure to this file. Make sure to add a unique android:keyattribute for each preference. More information: How to build the XML

<android.support.v7.preference.PreferenceScreen
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> 
    <android.support.v7.preference.PreferenceCategory
        android:title="Category 1">          
    <android.support.v7.preference.SwitchPreferenceCompat
            android:key="key1"
            android:title="Switch Preference"
            android:summary="Switch Summary"
            android:defaultValue="true" />
    <android.support.v7.preference.EditTextPreference
            android:key="key2"
            android:title="EditText Preference"
            android:summary="EditText Summary"
            android:dialogMessage="Dialog Message"
            android:defaultValue="Default value" /> 
    <android.support.v7.preference.CheckBoxPreference
            android:key="key3"
            android:title="CheckBox Preference"
            android:summary="CheckBox Summary"
            android:defaultValue="true"/></android.support.v7.preference.PreferenceCategory></android.support.v7.preference.PreferenceScreen>

The v7.preference library provides some preferences we can use: CheckBoxPreference, SwitchPreferenceCompat, EditTextPreference and a ListPreference (and a basic Preference). If we need more than these predefined preferences, we have to build them on our own.

Creating the Preference Fragment

Now we need to create our Preference Fragment, where we can show the preferences from our XML file. We do this by creating a new class, called SettingsFragment, which extends PreferenceFragmentCompat. Since the onCreatePreferences is declared as abstract in the source code of the library, we are forced to include our own implementation to tell the fragment to load our just created app_preferences.xml.

import android.support.v7.preference.PreferenceFragmentCompat;
public class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragmentCompat {
@Override
    public void onCreatePreferences(Bundle bundle, String s) {
        // Load the Preferences from the XML file
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.app_preferences);
    }
}

We can add this SettingsFragment (v4.app.Fragment), like any other Fragment (e.g. with a FragmentTransaction) to an Activity.

Applying the Preference Theme

Finally we need to specify a preferenceTheme in our Activity’s theme. If we don’t do so, the App will crash with an IllegalStateException.
The v7.preference library provides only one Theme: PreferenceThemeOverlay(You may have a look at its source code). We add this with the following line in our Activity’s theme:

<item name="preferenceTheme">@style/PreferenceThemeOverlay</item>

After we have done this, our result should now look like this.
(The Activity’s parent theme is Theme.AppCompat and the background is set with android:windowBackground)

Settings Screen with PreferenceThemeOverlay

As you can see, it has an oversized font and a horizontal line below the category title. This is definitely not material design.

It more looks like a mixture of material design for the CheckBoxand Switch widgets on the right and an old design for everything else.

This leads us to the next point: Applying the material theme to our settings.

Applying the Material Design Theme

Since there is no material theme in our current preference library, we need to import the v14.preference library. It is strange that Google splitted up these two libraries, because the v14 version is obviously only an addition to the v7.preference library. However, this means for us, that we have to add one more line to our gradle dependencies (You should change the version number to the latest).

compile 'com.android.support:preference-v14:23.4.0'

Now we have access to two more themes: PreferenceThemeOverlay.v14 and PreferenceThemeOverlay.v14.Material (You may have a look at their source code). To use the material theme, we simply change the preferenceTheme in our Activity’s theme.

<item name="preferenceTheme">
    @style/PreferenceThemeOverlay.v14.Material
</item>

A side effect of including the v14.preference library is that we can use a new preference called MultiSelectListPreference (it requires the v7.preference library to work).

Settings Screen with PreferenceThemeOverlay.v14.Material

Our result should look like this. And this time it is full material design.

The font is not oversized anymore and also the horizontal line below the category title has disappeared.

We can change the color of the CheckBox, the Switch and the PreferenceCategory title by changing the colorAccent in our Activity’s theme.


This was only the first step to create a material design Settings Screen. As soon as you open the Alert Dialog of the EditText preference, you will find more design issues.

Continue ReadingBuilding Android preference screen